Treatment, which varies according to the addictive substance should be tailored to each individual. The chances of success increase if all of those involved-doctor, patient and family members-recognise that addiction is an illness with complicated physical, psychological and social components and not simply a bad habit or a sign of weakness. They should also understand that most addictions require a multi-faceted approach to treatment.
Nicotine
This powerful stimulant is the addictive substance in tobacco. Within seconds of being inhaled, nicotine reaches the brain, which signals the adrenal glands to pump out adrenaline and other stress hormones. People think that a cigarette is relaxing; in reality it creates a heightened state of tension. When the effect wears off, the smoker experience jitteriness and other withdrawal symptoms, which are quelled by another cigarette.
When used properly, nicotine based drugs make quitting easier by relieving withdrawal symptoms, which in addition to jitteriness may include headache, muscle aches, nausea, irritability and fatigue. They come in two forms - a gum that is chewed very slowly and a medicated skin patch. Nicotine from these sources are absorbed into the bloodstream, satisfying the body's craving for it and thus preventing withdrawal symptoms. Nicotine gum and patches must be used exactly as directed, including NOT smoking to avoid over-dosage. After a few weeks, the person should gradually be weaned off the drug.
To date the only non-nicotine drug prescribed to aid smoking cessation is Clonidine, a medication originally developed to treat high blood pressure. Some studies suggest that it minimises nicotine withdrawal symptoms although it does not entirely block the desire to smoke. More on this...
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